Tuesday, April 6, 2010

‘Drug dependence a medical condition that can be treated’

The notion that there is no hope for a drug dependent person creates a social stigma, thus causing the addict to continue down the path of self-destruction.The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (Niosh) chairman Tan Sri Lee Lam Thye clarified that drug dependence is a medical condition and most importantly it is a condition that can be treated. Lee revealed that the stigma of the illness itself, the fear of rejection by the community and losing their freedom which has resulted in patients being hesitant of seeking early treatment.

“For every individual registered for drug treatment, there are two to three others who remain unregistered, placing the estimated number of drug users in the country between 350,000 to 900,000 individuals,” he said.

All is not lost as ‘Jiwa Baru’ public education programme had successfully reached out to about 3,500 individuals seeking more information on drug dependence, he noted.

According to Lee, these individuals wanted more information particularly on opiate dependence or a referral to a community-based doctor, who has been trained to manage and treat people with drug dependence.

“Development programmes and education is important to educate them that drug dependence can be treated effectively through drug substitution therapy at community-based treatment centres/private clinics,” he said.

The programme, he added, would ensure that as a nation, everyone will move forward together instead of leaving certain level of community lagging behind.

Lee added: “This measure would also slowly cease the stigma that is closely associated with drug addicts and more and more members of the community will embrace the fact that drug addiction is a medical condition that can be treated.”

The goal of treating drug dependence is to enable patients to manage the symptoms of their disease and gain control of their dependence, with medication providing an important component for managing both the short-term and long-term effects of drug dependence.

He also warned that drugs had a deep impact on a workplace.

This was because drug abuse represents difficult problems for employers as they are under competitive pressure to increase output. At the same time, these employers need to respond to critical human resources issues to continue in business, he said.

Drug abuse puts the brakes on human and social development, and also has powerful effects on the brain, influencing a wide range of human activities.

“Illicit drugs use creates significant problems in the workplace, as work tasks that require higher level judgment, constant attention, immediate memory and fine motor skills are easily disrupted by drugs,” cautioned Lee.

“Drug abusers have more absenteeism, accidents on the job, medical claims and lost productivity than non-users,” Lee reckoned.

Sunday, November 22, 2009

Designer drugs that can kill catching on among the young

Designer drugs like methamphetamine and Ecstasy are becoming the drug of choice for abusers, who are getting younger, with some hardly in their teens.

These “party” drugs are becoming more popular than opiate-based drugs as they are more easily available ­­‑ being concocted locally - and hard to trace through standard police urine tests. There is also the misconception that such drugs are not addictive.

● Many of these drugs, in pill form, are heavily contaminated, some even with rat poison.

● According to private drug rehabilitation centres, almost 80% of their new inmates are users of such drugs.

● Many of those in rehabilitation are in their teens or 20s and suffer from brain damage and other side effects.

● The National Anti-Drug Agency will begin a pilot programme by the year’s end to specifically treat synthetic drug abusers.

Types of party drugs


Erimin 5


Ketamine


Methamphetamine

Methamphetamine (Syabu, Ice, Yaba, WY, Pil Kuda) is a type of amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS), which also covers amphetamine (Bennies, Benz), Ecstasy, cocaine (Coke, Snow, Blow, Toot) and crack (Base, Sugar Block, Roxanne). ATS is a synthetic drug, produced through chemical reactions, it acts on the central nervous system.

Users feel “awkwardly confident” and bold, and this also makes them aggressive. They usually experience sleeping difficulty, staying awake for up to eight days.

The detrimental effects of methamphetamine:

● It affects various sides of the brain instead of being receptor-specific like conventional drugs. It makes the user more violent, aggressive and will in the long run cause brain damage, 60% of which is irreversible.

● It is highly acidic and can destroy the walls of blood vessels or cause internal vessel rupture.

● It affects the cardiovascular system, leading to heart attack or stroke.

● It leads to mental disorder. More than 40% of those taking methamphetamines suffer from mental disorder after two years.

Ketamine is an anaesthetic for horses, legally manufactured in India in liquid form, but the powder form is abused as a party drug. Low doses give users a drunk-like effect while a high dose induces an “out of the world”, dream-like or floating sensation. The drug numbs the users and their thinking, and hence, is widely used as a rape drug.

Only a certain percentage of users develop dependency, but even those not addicted to it will experience the following effects:

● Severe epigastric pain.

● Urinary incontinence (passing urine every five minutes), urinary track infection, kidney failure.

● Pronounced damage to the cerebella (back of brain) and brain stem (the part of brain that controls our stomach and urinary bladder movement).

Erimin 5 (Five-chai, Happy 5) or Nimetazepam, which belongs to the benzodiazepine group of drugs, is an anti-anxiety, sleeping tablet that has the properties of amphetamine. It is highly abusive, hence the benzodiazepine was added to the Malaysian Dangerous Drugs Act 1952 in May, 2001.

Monday, October 26, 2009

83% of new drug addicts traced in the country were Malays.

Kosmo! reported that 83% of new drug addicts traced in the country were Malays.

National Anti-Drug Agency assistant medical director Dr Sangeeh Kaur said a survey done between January and July showed that many of these addicts had just sat for the PMR and SPM.

“A total of 2,680 new addicts were traced throughout the country, with 10% being Chinese and 7% Indians,” she said.

She said 1,024 of them had PMR qualifications, while 913 had SPM qualifications.

As for the rest, 46 had sat for the STPM while 29 were diploma holders and four had degrees.

The survey also showed that those with higher academic qualifications were less likely to get involved in drug abuse, Dr Sangeeh Kaur said.

“Many of them started taking drugs because of the bad influence from friends and out of curiosity. The most popular drugs are heroin, morphine, syabu and marijuana,” she added.

The Star Online 27/10/09

Wednesday, June 17, 2009

2009/06/18 - Malaysia wants US to explain trafficking listing

Malaysia will seek an explanation from the United States embassy on its government's report which placed Malaysia on its list of top trafficking offenders.
Home Minister Datuk Seri Hishammuddin Hussein said yesterday making judgments beyond Kuala Lumpur's control would be unfair."I need to know what it was that has become an issue. If it is within our control, we will do whatever we can to overcome it, but, of course, there are limitations."Our borders and shorelines are very porous and they should be realistic about this and take all this into consideration." He said issues regarding human trafficking could not be solved overnight.
"We will get an accurate and true account from the embassy. Like what we did in 2007, this is nothing new."Malaysia was blacklisted in 2001 but its ranking improved to Tier 2 in subsequent years until 2007, when it was relegated to Tier 3. Last year, after the enactment of the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act 2007, Malaysia was again elevated to Tier 2.Hishammuddin said he was not surprised with the report but Kuala Lumpur would not submit any protest note.Malaysia is listed with 16 other countries in Tier 3 this year, including six newly-added African nations.Tier 3 countries face possible sanctions such as the withholding of non-humanitarian, non-trade related US aid."What is there as the impact? If an economic sanction is to be imposed, it will not affect our position in this present economic slowdown."Human trafficking is an international issue and they have no teeth, except to put Malaysia at that level. However, this does not mean that Malaysia has no responsibility towards the world community."Hishammuddin stressed that it was incumbent upon Malaysia to address the problem.To prove a point, he said he had spoken to the British high commissioner to Malaysia on the matter recently."My colleague from Australia will be here to sign a memorandum of understanding on trafficking. We will also work with the US on this."Hishammuddin said a tripartite agreement on human trafficking was timely "but without any threat or sanctions, and without pressure on us".He said Malaysia wanted to be part of the international community and would do whatever it could within its capacity to address the issues."We have come up with the (Anti-Trafficking in Persons) Act. The situation has been remedied but now, I have to find out the truth about this."Hishammuddin also said the cabinet committee on foreign workers and the committee on legal workers had been combined into one and would be chaired by Deputy Prime Minister Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin."They will discuss issues on refugees, illegal workers, street children and others. "We are fully aware of our responsibility to address these issues. I will do it without any pressure from anybody because that is our responsibility," he said, adding that Muhyiddin would chair the first meeting soon.
addthis_pub = 'nstonline';

Malaysian drug mule held at Sydney airport

A Malaysian woman, 26, has been held on suspicion of smuggling drugs into Australia last week.
She apparently swallowed small packets of drugs in a bid to escape detection. The woman was detained at the Sydney International Airport after arriving on a flight from Phuket, Thailand.A federal police spokesman said the woman was believed to have behaved in a suspicious manner at the airport and this caught the attention of the Customs and Border Protection officers."The woman was stopped and her luggage searched thoroughly. Despite not finding anything, the authorities were suspicious and believed that the woman had swallowed the drugs," the spokesman said.

"She was taken to a nearby hospital where X-rays showed more than two dozen little white packets in her stomach. After being questioned, the woman admitted she had been paid US$5,000 (RM17,600) to smuggle the drugs."It is understood 25 packets of heroin, weighing about 500g, were retrieved from the woman. The drugs are believed to be worth several thousand Australian dollars.Drug syndicates in Malaysia had also used a Filipino to smuggle drugs abroad. The woman, in her 30s, was arrested recently by airport authorities in Hong Kong on arrival from Kuala Lumpur. She was found to have 42 packets of heroin, weighing 206g, in her stomach.Bukit Aman is probing the possibility that the two cases may be connected to the arrest of four Africans, one of whom was a woman, in Jalan Ampang on Tuesday.Police found 16.5kg of heroin, valued at RM1.3 million, on them. Police later picked up two Pakistanis.The six are believed to have used Malaysia as a transit for distributing the drugs. The heroin is believed to have been smuggled from Afghanistan via Pakistan with Australia as its final destination.

Tuesday, September 9, 2008

Drug abuse growing in developing countries, UN warns


The use of synthetic drugs such as amphetamine, methamphetamine (meth) and ecstasy is growing in developing countries, notably in Asia and the Middle East, and in the Gulf states in particular, a top UN body warned Tuesday.

While demand for such drugs has stabilised or even declined in North America, Europe and Oceania, "the problem has shifted to new markets over the past few years," the UN's Office on Drugs and Crime said in a new report.

"Asia, with its huge population and increasing affluence, is driving demand," the report said.

In its 2008 Global Assessment of amphetamine, methamphetamine (meth) and ecstasy, the UNODC found that, on an annual basis, the use of these drugs exceeded that of cocaine and heroin combined.

The global market, both wholesale and retail, for amphetamine-type stimulants or ATS was estimated at 65 billion dollars, the report said.

In 2006, almost half of Asian countries reported an increase in methamphetamine use and Saudi Arabia seized more than 12 tonnes of amphetamine, mostly in the form known as Captagon, accounting for a staggering 25 percent of all ATS seized in the world.

In South Africa, the number of seized methamphetamine laboratories had consistently gone up for the past five years while domestic consumption had increased.

Launching the report in Bangkok, UNODC's Executive Director, Antonio Maria Costa, warned that ATS "is being used as a cheap and available tonic for our fast and competitive times -- for entertainment in discos (mostly in the West), and for greater stamina in assembly lines and behind a steering wheel (in the East)."

Synthetic drugs were "falsely perceived as being harmless," Costa said. "This leads to benign neglect in attitudes, policy and enforcement that only slows down remedial action. This is dangerous."

ATS production had stabilised worldwide at about 500 tonnes per years, but while fewer labs were being seized in the US and Europe, production was rising in neighbouring countries, such as Canada, Mexico and Turkey.

Recently, the single largest seizure of ecstasy ever recorded -- 4.4 tonnes -- was made in Australia.

UNODC noted that unlike plant-based drugs such as cocaine and heroin, production of synthetic drugs was hard to trace because the ingredients were readily available for legitimate industrial purposes.

Furthermore, suppliers quickly adapt to the latest trends, and cater to local markets.
"When one lab is shut, another opens. When one type of precursor chemical is unavailable, producers switch to an alternative," Costa said.

"This presents a challenge to law enforcement since production is so close to retail outlets. Therefore, greater emphasis should be put on prevention."

Ten years ago, synthetic drugs "were a cottage industry. Now they're big business controlled by organised crime syndicates involved in all phases of the trade, from smuggling precursor chemicals, to manufacturing the drugs and trafficking," Costa said.

The countries facing the brunt of the ATS onslaught were also the least-prepared to cope, he continued.

"Some countries are in denial about the problem, and don't even report their situation to the United Nations. Others are ill-equipped to fight the pandemic, in terms of information gathering, regulatory frameworks, law enforcement, forensics, or health care," Costa said.

"The world needs to get smart about ATS before the problem is out of control," he said.

The UNODC was therefore launching a new programme, SMART, which will help governments "improve their capacity to gather, analyse and share information on ATS products, their use, and on trafficking routes."

"This should give us a better sense of how big the problem of synthetic drugs really is, and what more can be done to deal with it in terms of prevention, treatment and law enforcement," Costa said.

Friday, July 25, 2008

Australian journalist faces new Singapore drug charges


An Australian television reporter already charged with drug trafficking in Singapore faced three new drug charges on Friday, according to court documents.

Peter Lloyd, 41, faces one new charge of consuming the stimulant methamphetamine and two charges of possessing drug paraphernalia stained with methamphetamine and ketamine at a local hospital room, the documents said.

If convicted of the consumption charge, Lloyd faces 10 years in prison, a 20,000 Singapore dollar fine (about 15,000 US dollars) or both.

Ketamine is an anaesthetic which has become common at dance parties, police say.
Lloyd, New Delhi-based correspondent for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), was arrested in Singapore last week.

He was initially charged with trafficking methamphetamine to a Singaporean at a hotel this month.

He also faces a second charge for allegedly being in possession of methamphetamine, also known as "ice", at a local hospital.

These initial charges were amended Friday, reducing the methamphetamine amounts allegedly involved, in trafficking to 0.15 gram (0.00525 ounces), and possession to 0.41 gram.

Lloyd was released from custody Wednesday after a Singaporean posted 60,000 dollars bail for him.

His case is to be heard again in court next Friday.

If convicted of the trafficking charge, Lloyd faces between five and 20 years behind bars and five to 15 strokes of the cane.

Lloyd's lawyer Tan Jee Ming told reporters the three new charges were "comparatively not that serious."

Dressed in a checkered long-sleeved shirt and black pants, Lloyd walked into court Friday morning accompanied by an unidentified female.

He appeared relaxed, chatting with a group of friends and colleagues before the case was heard.
Lloyd kept looking out at the public gallery when a court official read the three new charges to him.

Tan told the court that Lloyd plans to stay with his bailor.

After the hearing, Lloyd hugged some friends and then walked out into a large crowd of reporters and cameramen, many of whom had flown in from Australia.

Lloyd kept silent when asked for a comment before leaving in a taxi with his lawyer.
Agence France-Presse - 7/25/2008

Monday, March 31, 2008

Masyarakat sukar terima bekas penagih dadah

PENOLAKAN masyarakat terhadap bekas penagih dan tiadanya peluang pekerjaan menjadi antara faktor utama mendorong golongan itu kembali melakukan aktiviti penagihan meskipun pada awalnya sudah berjaya dipulihkan.

Presiden Persatuan Pengasih Malaysia (Pengasih), Mohd Yunus Pathi, berkata sehingga hari ini tiada satu mekanisme atau pendekatan terbaik diambil kerajaan bagi menangani masalah penagihan berulang, malah terus meminggirkan golongan penagih daripada menikmati kehidupan seperti orang biasa. Katanya, Ahli Parlimen sewajarnya melihat sendiri kepayahan yang ditanggung penagih dengan melawat penjara atau pusat pemulihan selain melakukan tindakan susulan selepas penagih keluar penjara bagi memastikan tidak berlaku ketagihan berulang.

Malah, beliau berharap, sistem pemulihan sedia ada yang diamalkan di penjara dapat dilihat semula supaya lebih memberi penekanan kepada pemulihan sepenuhnya termasuk pemantauan selepas proses pemulihan.

Katanya, sistem pemulihan sedia ada yang diamalkan di penjara tidak cenderung kepada pemulihan sepenuhnya kerana tidak ada langkah susulan dibuat selepas banduan dibebaskan.

“Peluang pekerjaan kepada bekas banduan juga amat susah, malah jabatan kerajaan sendiri tidak mahu menerima mereka meskipun sudah disahkan pulih sepenuhnya. Lebih mengecewakan, kerajaan juga sehingga kini tidak meluluskan elaun pembimbing rakan sebaya yang terdiri daripada Alumni Pusat Serenti.

“Sebaiknya, kerajaan lebih prihatin dalam membantu memulihkan penagih dengan mewujudkan agensi pekerjaan bekas penagih untuk sekurang-kurangnya memberi mereka peluang menceburi apa saja bidang kerjaya. “Antara langkah yang boleh diambil adalah mengurangkan pengambilan pekerja asing dengan mengambil bekas banduan atau penagih bekerja di sektor yang selama ini dikuasai pekerja negara luar,” katanya.

Selain itu, Mohd Yunus berkata, bagi menampung masalah kesesakan di penjara dan pusat pemulihan serta memantapkan pemantauan ke atas bekas penagih, kaedah pemulihan dalam komuniti perlu diperkenalkan dengan menggunakan jawatankuasa masjid, kampung dan daerah untuk menggerakkan pusat khidmat di kawasan masing-masing. Katanya, tidak semua penagih perlu dihantar ke penjara atau pusat pemulihan kerana hanya menagih dalam skala yang kecil tetapi pemulihan tetap perlu dibuat supaya tidak melarat.

“Semua langkah ini lebih mudah jika digerakkan badan bukan kerajaan (NGO) termasuk mengendalikan pusat jagaan lanjutan yang berperanan membuat langkah susulan kepada bekas penagih.

“Langkah susulan ini penting bagi mengelak mereka menagih semula selain memastikan golongan itu tidak melakukan kesalahan kecil lain untuk mencari duit mendapatkan bekalan dadah,” katanya.

Mohd Yunus berkata, hakim juga perlu memainkan peranan penting ketika menjatuhkan hukuman kerana sering berlaku penagih atau pesalah dipenjarakan atau ditempatkan di pusat pemulihan yang sangat jauh dari tempat asal mereka.

Keadaan itu, katanya, akan menyebabkan perhubungan kekeluargaan menjadi semakin renggang dan lebih menyukarkan lagi proses pemulihan kerana penagih tidak akan dapat merasai nilai kasih sayang dan perhatian keluarga.

“Peranan keluarga sangat penting. Jika keluarga tidak mengambil endah, penagih akan rasa tersisih dan jarang golongan ini dapat dipulihkan. Akhirnya, mereka akan menagih semula selepas keluar dari pusat pemulihan.

“Justeru, kaunselor perlu memainkan peranan penting untuk menyedarkan keluarga mengenai kepentingan mereka dalam membantu memulihkan penagih. Kerana itulah, Pengasih mensyaratkan ahli keluarga perlu mendaftar sebagai ahli Persatuan Sahabat Pengasih Malaysia,” katanya.

Menurut statistik, Rumah Pengasih seluruh negara menerima kemasukan seramai 105 residen dari Januari hingga Disember 2007 membabitkan 97 lelaki dan lapan wanita manakala 93 daripadanya berbangsa Melayu.

Daripada jumlah itu juga, tiga daripadanya adalah di kalangan penagih juvana berumur di bawah 15 tahun dengan majoriti penghuninya daripada golongan di bawah 30 tahun iaitu seramai 69 orang.

Laporan Khas: Tiada kerja punca penagihan berulang 31/03/2008

Sektor awam sepatutnya jadi contoh ambil bekas pesalah dadah bertugas

ADAKAH semua pihak benar-benar serius atau sekadar melepaskan batuk di tangga dalam usaha menangani masalah penagihan berulang? Adakah semua pihak hanya pandai menuding jari tetapi berdiam diri dengan membiarkan kemelut itu terus menjadi 'duri dalam daging' yang akhirnya memburukkan reputasi negara dengan kebanjiran penagih tegar.

Menyelongkar senario ini, seakan banyak juga kelemahan dan kelompangan tanpa disedari, seakan menjadi kunci utama penggalakan lebih ramai penagih berulang melakukan 'kerjaya' yang sama, malah ada yang sudah cemerlang setapak ke depan melakukan jenayah lebih hebat. Memang benar, mengembalikan penagih kepada landasan sebenar bukan kerja mudah kerana menurut takrifan antarabangsa, penagihan adalah sejenis penyakit kronik berulang yang sukar dipulihkan.

Namun, sejauh mana usaha yang dijalankan semua pihak termasuk agensi kerajaan menampakkan mereka benar-benar serius membantu penagih kembali kepada kehidupan sebenar kerana apa yang berlaku kini, ruang kepada bekas penagih untuk hidup selesa seakan-akan dinafikan. Nada Ketua Pengarah Agensi Antidadah Kebangsaan (AADK) Datuk Sabran Napiah, yang kecewa dengan polisi kerajaan dalam membuka ruang pekerjaan kepada bekas penagih, wajar diberi perhatian. Agak mengecewakan jika golongan bekas penagih yang sudah menunjukkan komitmen untuk berubah tidak diberi ruang dalam agensi pekerjaan di sektor awam sedangkan sewajarnya kerajaan memainkan peranan utama membantu pemulihan mereka.

Justeru, tidak logik rasanya sektor swasta mampu menerima kemasukan bekas penagih bekerja di tempat mereka jika kerajaan sendiri 'menutup pintu' untuk membantu golongan itu menjadi rakyat biasa. Salah siapa jika akhirnya penagih memilih jalan untuk kembali menagih, melepak di lorong gelap, menyamun atau melakukan pelbagai jenayah lain untuk memenuhi keperluan kehidupan mereka selain mencari dana untuk menyara kos membeli bahan terlarang. Lihatlah sekeliling kita, sama ada di ceruk kampung atau di tengah bandar besar.

Jarang ada masyarakat yang terbuka menerima bekas penagih bersama dalam komuniti yang sama. Penghinaan ke atas mereka berterusan meskipun jelas golongan itu sudah bersih sepenuhnya daripada najis dadah. Mengenai kaedah digunakan di penjara pula dalam menjatuhkan hukuman kepada pesalah termasuk penagih, sewajarnya diperhalusi kembali apabila kebanyakan bekas banduan menyifatkan penjara sebagai pusat latihan jenayah.

Apabila dipertimbangkan pandangan mereka berdasarkan pengalaman berkali-kali keluar masuk penjara, senario itu seakan ada benarnya dan tidak boleh dinafikan. Bayangkan, jika seorang penagih dijatuhkan hukuman penjara dan diletakkan bergaul dengan pelbagai jenis penjenayah yang mempunyai pelbagai kepakaran, adakah mustahil penagih itu belajar pula teknik mencuri, pecah rumah, meragut dan bermacam lagi skil melakukan jenayah?

Akhirnya, daripada seorang penagih yang hanya tahu menghisap dadah, yang hanya tahu selok belok mengenai dadah, menjadi seorang yang pakar pula dalam hal jenayah lain apabila keluar dari penjara. Itulah tersirat dalam tersurat.

Masyarakat memahami penjara sebagai institusi menghukum dan memulihkan pesalah tetapi tanpa disedari, ada penerapan ilmu negatif yang diperoleh tanpa dapat dikawal berlaku di dalam penjara. Apabila penagih keluar penjara dan bergelar bekas banduan, penolakan masyarakat dan kesukaran mendapat pekerjaan menyebabkan mereka menggunakan kemahiran yang ada untuk menceburi 'kerjaya' baru yang dipelajari daripada 'otai jenayah' di penjara.

Jika putaran ini berterusan, sampai bila pun masalah penagih dan pesalah berulang tidak akan dapat diatasi dan terus menjadi kemelut kepada pihak berkuasa seterusnya meningkatkan kadar jenayah di negara ini.

Melihat kepada statistik AADK dan Pengasih pula, jelas sekali menunjukkan penagih kini datang daripada pelbagai lapisan masyarakat termasuk mereka yang berpelajaran tinggi. Jika dulu, penagihan hanya dikaitkan dengan golongan kelas bawahan, tetapi kini sudah ada penagih yang memiliki kelulusan tinggi sehingga ijazah kedoktoran, malah ada yang berkerja sebagai doktor dan peguam terbabit dengan aktiviti tidak sihat itu. J

usteru, adakah senario kini menunjukkan negara ini semakin bebas daripada najis dadah jika penyakit itu sudah menular pula ke setiap pelosok lapisan masyarakat dan seterusnya melekat kuat pula lantaran terbukti sukar diubati.

Kesimpulannya, tidak ada jalan mudah atau singkat bagi menangani isu ini kecuali kerajaan dan agensi berwajib perlu seiringan berganding tenaga mencari apa saja alternatif untuk menghapus atau mengurangkan jumlah penagih secara optimum.

Jangan sekadar melepaskan beban tugas itu kepada AADK atau agensi lain saja sedangkan masyarakat terus menjadi ejen utama menyuntik keinginan kepada penagih untuk kembali menagih selama-lamanya. Kerajaan pula perlu melihat semula polisi mereka yang selama ini memperlakukan penagih seperti 'anak tiri' sehingga seakan-akan menjadi salah satu badan yang menghalang bekas penagih menjadi manusia.

Renung dan amati peranan masing-masing.

Adakah benar kita membantu mereka menjadi insan atau sikap endah tak endah dan lepas tangan kita menjadi punca utama mereka kembali ke lembah kehinaan.

54 peratus 'orang lama' masuk pusat serenti

KEMASUKAN ke pusat serenti di seluruh negara pada Januari tahun ini menunjukkan jumlah penagih berulang lebih ramai iaitu sebanyak 54 peratus atau 928 orang berbanding hanya 789 penagih baru. Malah, jumlah penagih berulang bagi bulan itu juga menunjukkan peningkatan sebanyak enam peratus berbanding hanya 875 kemasukan pada Januari 2007.

Ketua Pengarah Agensi Antidadah Kebangsaan (AADK), Datuk Sabran Napiah, berkata masalah penagihan berulang memang sudah lama menjadi kemelut yang melanda mana-mana negara seluruh dunia dan pelbagai langkah sudah digerakkan untuk mengatasinya.

Katanya, isu penagihan berulang adalah satu masalah yang sukar ditangani, malah definisi saintifik antarabangsa mengkelaskan senario itu sebagai sejenis penyakit kronik yang berulang tanpa ada kaedah perubatan paling sesuai.

"Menurut standard antarabangsa, setiap pusat pemulihan hanya berkeupayaan memulihkan 30 peratus daripada keseluruhan penghuninya, manakala selebihnya akan kembali menagih selepas dibebaskan.

"Sekurang-kurangnya, proses pemulihan di negara ini menunjukkan sedikit kejayaan dengan mengatasi piawaian itu apabila pada tahun lalu sebanyak 38 peratus daripada penagih berjaya dipulihkan sepenuhnya. Namun, jumlah itu masih sangat kecil," katanya.

Beliau berkata, dua masalah yang sering dihadapi oleh mana-mana agensi pemulihan adalah untuk melaksanakan aktiviti pencegahan dan dalam masa yang sama mengurangkan kadar pengulangan. Katanya, sehingga kini, AADK memainkan peranan menanam kesedaran kepada masyarakat supaya menjauhi dadah dengan menerapkan kefahaman seterusnya mewujudkan rasa gerun berkenaan risiko yang bakal ditanggung jika terjebak sebagai penagih.

"Selain itu, strategi utama yang sedang digerakkan AADK kini adalah menjalankan program pengawasan, rawatan dan pemulihan dalam komuniti kerana pastinya semua sedia maklum bahawa jumlah penagih dalam komuniti lebih ramai berbanding di institusi pemulihan.

"Katakan ada 10,000 penagih menerima rawatan pemulihan di penjara, pusat serenti, Rumah Pengasih dan agensi lain, jumlah itu masih terlalu sedikit berbanding berjuta penagih lain dalam kelompok masyarakat luar.

"Justeru, tanpa ada kompromi, AADK perlu memberi lebih penekanan kepada aktiviti pemulihan dalam komuniti bagi mencegah kewujudan penagih baru selain memastikan bekas penagih tidak kembali menagih," katanya. Sabran berkata, bagi mencapai matlamat itu, AADK menerusi jawatankuasa pemulihan di setiap daerah berusaha menjejaki semua bekas penagih yang dibebaskan supaya dapat membabitkan diri dengan aktiviti di pusat pemulihan dalam komuniti.

Bagaimanapun, beliau nyata kecewa dengan sikap masyarakat yang masih tidak mahu menerima golongan penagih untuk bersama-sama menjadi ahli komuniti menyebabkan pelaksanaan program itu belum mencapai matlamat sebenar.

"Ada penagih yang tidak mendapat tempat di rumah sendiri, dihalau ibu bapa malah masyarakat mencemuh mereka menyebabkan ada yang terpaksa lari daripada masyarakat dan akhirnya kembali kepada kumpulan penagih di belakang lorong.

"Bagi menangani masalah itu, pusat khidmat di setiap daerah kini menyediakan tempat tinggal sementara untuk memberi peluang kepada bekas penagih menstabilkan diri sebelum mampu keluar bekerja menyara hidup sendiri," katanya.

Beliau turut menyelar polisi yang diamalkan setiap agensi kerajaan kini yang masih mensyaratkan untuk tidak menerima bekas penagih sebagai pekerja meskipun sudah diakui pulih sepenuhnya. Beliau berkata, jika agensi kerajaan sendiri enggan menerima mereka bekerja, amat mustahil syarikat swasta sanggup berlapang dada menerima bekas penagih.

"Siapa saja yang ada rekod penagihan dadah tidak akan diterima bekerja di mana-mana sektor. Masyarakat tidak sedar bahawa ada bekas penagih yang mempunyai kemahiran tinggi dalam sesetengah bidang, malah kebanyakan mereka sangat tekun apabila bekerja.

"Mereka pula bukan mahukan pekerjaan yang hebat dan bergaji besar. Asalkan sektor pekerjaan menerima mereka sebagai pekerja, ia sudah cukup baik. Tak kiralah apa jenis pekerjaan pun. Bekas penagih pun tak ramai yang berpelajaran tinggi.

"Apa yang mereka perlukan ialah kehidupan selepas keluar dari pusat pemulihan. Tetapi, mengecewakan apabila undang-undang kerajaan sendiri tidak menerima penagih sebagai kakitangan awam," katanya. Sabran juga tidak menafikan ada penagih yang dipenjarakan tidak mempunyai pilihan lain kecuali kembali menagih dan menjalankan aktiviti jenayah lain, tambahan pula selepas menerima pendedahan pelbagai teknik jenayah ketika berada bersama penjenayah lain dalam penjara.

"Tak kiralah di penjara atau di Pusat Serenti sendiri, diakui memang ada kebocoran bahan terlarang berlaku termasuk yang dibekalkan oleh warden atau pegawai di pusat itu. Ia memang berlaku dan pihak bertanggungjawab sedang berusaha mengatasinya," katanya.

Beliau berkata, bagi mencapai matlamat memerangi dadah, empat perkara perlu diberi keutamaan iaitu memastikan seluruh anggota keluarga, institusi pendidikan termasuk sekolah dan institusi pengajian tinggi, tempat kerja dan komuniti bebas daripada dadah.

Katanya, AADK juga sedang berusaha keras memberi keyakinan kepada kerajaan untuk mengubah dasar sedia ada selain menggalakkan bekas penagih berdikari menjalankan perniagaan sendiri dengan memanfaatkan skim pinjaman peniaga kecil yang diwujudkan beberapa agensi kerajaan seperti Tekun.
Cetak artikel Hantar pada kawan

Fungsi penjara sebagai pusat tahanan perlu dikaji

PENJARA sebagai pusat latihan jenayah? Bunyinya seakan pelik tetapi dalam maksud tersirat ia adalah satu realiti yang tanpa disedari berlaku di penjara sama ada disedari atau tanpa sedar terus menular mencipta lebih ramai penjenayah berstatus pakar.

Memang semua sedia maklum bahawa penjara adalah pusat pemulihan dan tempat menjatuhkan hukuman kepada pesalah yang didapati bersalah oleh mahkamah dan objektif utama untuk memulihkan. Namun, daripada hasil temu bual dengan beberapa penagih yang pernah beberapa kali keluar masuk penjara, didapati ada benarnya dakwaan di atas bahawa penjara mengajar mereka menjadi lebih pakar melakukan pelbagai jenayah, sekurang-kurangnya sebagai kaedah mencari duit untuk mendapatkan bekalan dadah.

Mohd Shukri Abdul Halim (nama samaran) yang kini sedang menjalani proses pemulihan di Rumah Pengasih Kuala Lumpur, berkata pengalamannya dipenjarakan sebanyak tiga kali tidak banyak mengubah cara hidupnya, malah menjadikan dirinya lebih kerap melakukan jenayah. Dia yang dipenjarakan atas pelbagai kesalahan termasuk penagihan dadah, samun dan bergaduh serta berkali-kali ditahan di lokap atas kesalahan yang sama menyifatkan penjara hanya dapat memberikannya keinsafan sementara dan lebih banyak menyakitkan fizikalnya daripada memulihkan rohaninya. “Dalam penjara, saya tak rasa yang saya belajar apa-apa. Apa yang pasti saya lebih banyak belajar perkara yang menjadikan saya lebih jahat. Daripada tidak tahu kepada tahu. Malah, bahan terlarang pun masih mudah diperoleh di situ.

“Apabila banyak benda baru saya belajar, ia boleh dipraktikkan di luar dan sekali gus menyebabkan saya terbabit dengan pelbagai jenis jenayah baru daripada hanya menagih dadah sebelum masuk ke penjara.

“Berbeza apabila saya ditempatkan di Pengasih. Di sini, saya belajar memperbaiki masalah rohani dan mental. Belajar mengawal emosi supaya minda saya dapat menolak ketagihan dadah secara berterusan,” katanya. Katanya, selama dipenjarakan sebelum ini, dia hanya merasai kesakitan fizikal yang berbentuk sementara dan mewujudkan perasaan dendam dalam dirinya, bukan keinsafan.

Penagih wanita, Rosbaiti Rahimin (nama samaran), yang pernah merasai pengalaman dipenjarakan di Penjara Wanita Pangkalan Chepa, berkata pergaulannya dengan orang lebih dewasa dan rakyat negara luar dalam penjara yang sama membolehkannya belajar banyak perkara negatif.

“Di penjara, saya dapat kenal ‘tokan’ (pembekal) besar. Saya bangga dapat berkenalan dengan mereka dan belajar macam-macam mengenai dadah.

“Apabila dapat peluang berkenalan dengan pelbagai jenis penjenayah, skil jenayah saya juga semakin hebat dan banyak benda baru yang saya tidak tahu selama ini boleh dipraktikkan di luar penjara. Mencuri menjadi lebih mudah.

“Memang di penjara hukumannya memeritkan dan buat saya rasa serik tetapi tak pernah rasa insaf. Yang ada hanya rasa dendam apatah lagi apabila banyak perkataan kasar digunakan oleh warden di penjara. Kekerasan sebegitu yang saya tidak boleh terima,” katanya.

Pengurus Program Rumah Pengasih, Suhaimi Ahmad, yang mempunyai pengalaman dipenjarakan sebanyak empat kali selain menagih dadah selama 22 tahun, berkata pergaulan dengan pelbagai jenis penjenayah di penjara menjadikan dirinya lebih ke arah negatif.

Dia yang sudah 13 tahun berkhidmat dengan Rumah Pengasih, berkata kebanyakan bekas banduan atau penagih jarang dapat pulih sepenuhnya.

Friday, December 28, 2007

16,000 bekas penagih dadah gagal lapor diri

eramai 16,000 atau 44 peratus daripada 36,000 bekas penagih yang menamatkan tempoh tahanan dan pemulihan di pusat serenti dan penjara, gagal melaporkan diri di pejabat Agensi Antidadah Kebangsaan (AADK).

Pengarah Keselamatan AADK, Dr. Sabri Zainudin Azinul berkata, situasi itu terjadi disebabkan bekas penagih berkenaan terjerumus semula menagih dadah dan sikap mereka sendiri untuk tidak menjauhkan diri dari najis dadah.

Menurutnya, bekas penagih tersebut sepatutnya melapor di pejabat AADK di kawasan masing-masing setiap minggu atau bulan supaya AADK tahu keadaan semasa mereka.

‘‘Tapi ramai yang ingkar. Walaupun angka ini sebenarnya berkurangan jika dibandingkan tahun lepas tetapi ia perlu diambil perhatian,” katanya.

Beliau berkata demikian pada sidang media selepas menghadiri perhimpunan perdana Persatuan Pendamai Malaysia di sini hari ini.

Persatuan Pendamai Malaysia ditubuhkan pada 19 September 2004 di Shah Alam, Selangor, memainkan peranan sebagai contoh serta penggerak kepada para penagih dadah untuk memulihkan diri dari menagih dadah.

Pada perhimpunan itu juga, seramai 472 bekas penagih turut dipilih untuk menjadi ejen yang akan memantau serta memberi nasihat kepada remaja di kawasan mereka supaya tidak terjerumus dengan penyalahgunaan dadah.

Sabri berkata, sebuah jawatankuasa telah dibentuk untuk memastikan tiada lagi mangsa baru yang terjerumus dengan najis dadah.

‘‘Kita mahu mereka ambil tanggungjawab. Kita mahu mereka cerita kepada remaja kesengsaraan jika menjadi hamba dadah.

‘‘Ini langkah yang diambil sebagai satu usaha memastikan jumlah penagih yang mencecah lebih 320,000 hari ini berkurangan,” ujarnya.

UM 28/12/08